T-62 (an object 166) - Soviet medium tank. Created on the basis of T-55 tank. Produced in the USSR 1961 by 1975 year. The world's first production tank with guns of caliber 115 mm and a mass medium tank with a high level of reservation.
T-62 – video
The main medium tank in the USSR Armed throughout the 1950s remained a T-54/55. Despite the constant improvement of the tank, including increasing the firepower, his arms, It consisted of 100-mm rifled gun D-10T, It remained the same. D-10T, to which up to 1961 year there were only caliber armor-piercing projectiles, by the mid-1950s did not provide effective destruction of the new American medium tank M48, while the western tanks at that time were in their ammunition piercing projectiles with a detachable tray and non-rotating cumulative shells, pierced the armor of Soviet tanks at normal distances battle.
T-62 from latticed screen protivokumulyativnymi
To create the T-62 resulted in the two directions of the works of Soviet tank 1950 - for the development of new weapons for medium tanks and initiative development KB Uralvagonzavod on advanced medium tank to replace the T-54/55. AT 1958 year in KB Uralvagonzavod were discontinued work on future tanks "Object 140" on the initiative of the chief designer of the plant L. n. Karceva, who considered it a new tank is too low-tech and complicated to operate. In anticipation of such an outcome, This was conducted in parallel with the development of the tank, and "Object 165", is a hybrid of the hull and turret "Object 140", the crew compartment "Object 150" and the engine compartment and chassis T-55. Factory tests were completed in the tank 1958 year and their follow-up 31 December of the same year, the Defense Ministry had approved the establishment of 1959 was the second version of "Object 165", even more approximate to the design of serial T-55.
Weapons "Object 165", as well as others developed in the 1950s, promising medium tanks, It was supposed to be a new 100-mm rifled gun D-54 (U-8TS), developed in 1952-1953. In comparison with the D-10, D-54 had increased to 895 to 1015 m / s initial rate caliber armor-piercing projectile, and about 25 % great armor, but this was considered inadequate to deal effectively with Western tanks, and the more modern types of ammunition for it had not yet been developed[10]. Besides, serious objections by the military resulted in the presence of D-54 muzzle brake, when firing causes the formation of snow, sand or dust cloud, unmask tank, hindered observe the results of shooting. Besides, there were concerns about the impact of the muzzle blast infantry support and in particular a tank landing.
T-62 ERA
modifications
T-62 – (1961 city) An object 166 - Basic sample, the base T-55
T-62A – (1961 city) An object 165 - basic version developed in parallel with the tank (An object 166) T-62. It sets a new tower with casted 100mm rifled gun D-54TS. To remove the spent cartridges on the machine is equipped with a mechanism for their release through the aft hatch tower. This modification is produced in the tank 1961 by a small party.
T value of 62K – (1964 city) Commanding T-62 P radio-130. Additionally installed navigation apparatus TNA-2, HF radio and charging AB-1 unit to power consumers during prolonged work at the site. While reducing gun ammunition and machine gun, It changes the location of spares.
T-62B
object 166M – experimental tank, equipped with support rollers of smaller diameter, like object 167, and the engine B-36F, power 640 l. from.
object 166ML – Object 166M which as an additional weapon was mounted ATGM 9K14 "Baby".
T-62P – Object 166P - experienced T-62 with a red lining to strengthen radiation protection
T-62D – (1983 city) Modification of the T-62, equipped active protection "Drozd" complex. Also, the tank was installed: additional armor protection turret and hull; Rubberized side Spaced Armor; The motor-55U, power 620 l. from.; system of protection against napalm "Soda". Upgraded chassis. The tank was equipped with a radio-P 173 and P-173P radio receiver.
T-62D-1 – (1983 city) - a variant of the T-62D from the engine-46-5M.
T-62M – (1983 city) Object 166M6 - Tank, past deep modernization in 1983-1985,. The tank was installed: additional armor protection tower, body and ends (level of protection of the tower of the BPS - 320 mm, by KC - 400-450 mm); Rubberized side Spaced Armor; antineutron knocked on the tower; guided weapons 9K116-2 "Sheksna"; The motor-55U, power 620 l. from.; a new fire control system "Volna" (laser rangefinder KTD-2, ballistic computer BV-62, TSHSM sight-41U and stabilizer M1 "Meteor"); system launch smoke grenades 902B "cloud" and the system of protection against napalm "Soda". Part of the machine is equipped with anti-aircraft machine gun instead NSVT DShKM, a gun barrel - a thermal jacket. Upgraded undercarriage and a caterpillar introduced from tank T-72. The tank was equipped with a radio-P 173 and P-173P radio receiver.
T-62M-1 – version of the T-62M with an engine B-46-5M.
T 62M1 – T-62M without IMC.
T 62M1-1 – T-62M-1 without IMC.
T 62M1-2 – T-62M without IMC and without additional armor hull.
T 62M1-2-1 – T 62M1-2 engine with V-46-5M.
T 62MK – Commanding T-62M, station P-130 and THA-3.
T-62MV – (1985 city) - T-62M with installed hinged dynamic protection without additional armor protection tower, and housing.
T-62MV 1 - a variant of the T-62MV with diesel V-46-5M.
T-62MD – T-62M equipped active protection system of active protection Complex "thrush".
TO-62 – Ognemotnaya modification of T-62. Range ognemetaniya - 200 m. Flame thrower installed instead of the coaxial machine gun.
T 62AM – Modernization of T-62 with 125 mm cannon.
T 62MB – Modernization of the T-62: 115-mm gun equipped with a thermal jacket, Built-in dynamic protection on the tower and mounted on the body, engine V-46-5M and the new MSA. IMC installed 1K116-2 "Sheksna".
Foreign embodiments T-62
T 62-5TDF - Ukrainian upgrade option tank T-62, KMDB developed and proposed in 2009 year as a variant of modernization of the Egyptian army tanks
Т55-62-VE M.R.V. - Italian modernization of tanks T-55 project, T-62, firm Vehicle Engineering c.g.d. S.r.l. based on Italian tanks components.
WZ-122A «San Ye» - Chinese experienced prototype, a copy of captured Soviet T-62 from the island Damanskiy. With hydro PPC, hydraulic suspension, solid shelves nadgusenichnyh, Roller arrangement is identical to the "Type 59".
WZ-122B «San Ji» - Chinese experienced prototype based on the WZ-122A. FROM 6 supporting rollers of reduced diameter aboard, Traditional shelf nadgusenichnoy (fuel tanks are located on the left), manual transmission.
Machines based on the T-62
Impulse-2M - Soviet caterpillar fire truck.
TP-62 - Bulgarian tracked fire truck. It sets 10-ton tank and remotely controllable water supply means and the dozer.
TV-62 - Bulgarian recovery vehicle. mounted winch. tower demolished, instead welded backwards shortened to half of the tower from the T-55 and T-55A with anti-aircraft machine gun DShKM.
Design
T-62 has a classic layout, with the placement of the engine compartment in the rear, Management offices - in front, and the crew compartment - in the middle part of the machine. The crew consists of four people: the driver, commander, gunner and loader.
Armor hull and turret
T-62 has a differential protivosnaryadnym booking. Body armor T-62 is a rigid box-like weldment, the gathering of the sheets of rolled steel armor thickness 16, 30, 45, 80 and 100 mm. The front part of the housing is formed by two converging wedge 100 mm armor plates: the top, disposed obliquely to 60 ° to the vertical and bottom, having a slope of 55 °. The sides of the housing consist of a one-piece vertical 80 mm sheets, and it consists of a vertical feed of the top sheet thickness 45 mm and 16 mm lower, having a slope of 70 °. The roof of the housing in the region of the box has a thickness turret 30 mm, and over the engine compartment - 16 mm. The bottom of the housing consists of four 20-mm punched sheet and has a trough-shaped cross-section. Frontal and side housing plates are made of chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel 42cm, feed and roof casing - steel 49C, and the bottom - made of chrome-molybdenum steel 43PSM.
protective systems
The T-62 is installed anti-nuclear defense system, providing the tank crew protection against overpressure, generated by the shock wave of a nuclear explosion, and against the ingress of radioactive dust into the tank. Protection of the crew from the shock wave of the explosion and the partial protection against ionizing radiation was provided by armor tanks. Protection against excess pressure is carried out by sealing the maximum hull and turret by permanent seals and automatically closing hatches, air intakes and blinds, reducing the pressure in the tank at approximately 10 times compared to the shock wave front and stretches over time increasing the pressure inside the machine. a crew protection from radioactive particles produced by creating an increased pressure inside the tank by means of the blower separator, filtering the air coming from the outside. Anti-nuclear defense is activated either automatically by the instrument ERB-1M, respond to the release of gamma radiation from a nuclear explosion, either manually by the testimony of DP-3B instrument, registered the ionizing radiation while driving on the radioactively contaminated areas.
Unlike T-55, T-62 had no appreciable clearance between the first and second roller
weaponry
Cannons T-62 is 115 mm semi-automatic smoothbore gun U-5TS (2A20). Gun barrel - fastened with housing, length 52,6 caliber / 6050 mm and is equipped with an ejector. The gun has a horizontal wedges, with a semi-automatic spring-type and electric, manual and standby arrangements. The recoil devices consist of hydraulic and hydropneumatic recuperator otkatnika, located above the gun barrel; normal pullback length is 350-415 mm, limit - 430 mm[20]. The maximum pressure in the barrel is 3730 kg / cm², and the maximum muzzle energy when firing sabot projectile - 6,96 MJ / 709 тс · м. The gun is provided with a device for ejecting spent cartridges from a torsion-spring mechanics, after the shot sleeve is automatically ejected through a hatch in the top of the turret.
Ammo and Ballistics
Ammunition Y is 5TS 40 unitary shots with armor-piercing subcaliber, cumulative and high-explosive projectiles. Of them 20 placed in the rack installation in walls of the engine compartment, by 8 - in two tanks, racks in the right side of the driver's compartment, one by one - in homutikovyh laying at the bottom of the sides of the fighting compartment, and two more - in the rapidly available for charging homutikovoy laying on the right side of the tower. Staff accommodation provided ammunition 16 piercing armor, 8 cumulative and 16 high-explosive rounds, but depending on the task at hand, combat pack could be placed in any type of 115-mm rounds, except laying on the side of the tower, calculated only on the piercing projectiles.
Originally to have had two-5TS model feathered-piercing armor-piercing shells - 3BM3 and 3BM4. Both of them had the same mass, ballistics similar device and a similar - a steel housing and a ballistic armor-piercing tips and shestipory stabilizer with bevels feather, attached projectile rotation in flight at a speed of 800-1000 rev / min, but 3BM4 had an all-steel body, whereas 3BM3 had a core of tungsten carbide, provides him with the best armor, especially at near-normal angles of meetings with armor. 3BM6 appeared later also had all-steel housing, but different from the reduced weight precursors projectile and large - charge, more elaborated form and better ballistics. Subsequently gun was adopted for an improved 3BM21 projectile with a core of tungsten carbide and a damper-localizer, as well as to the body shell 3BM28-piece alloy based on depleted uranium.
Boeukladki abandoned T-62 in Afghanistan
fire control system
For guidance on setting the twin aim at direct fire used telescopic articulated monocular sight TSH2B-41 or, the machines later releases, TSHS-41U. The sight has a variable increasing or 3.5 × 7 ×, providing a field of view, respectively, 18° or 9 °. Sight grid is designed for direct fire-piercing shells at a distance of up to 4 000 m, cumulative projectiles - up 3 000 m of the coaxial machine gun and - up 2 000 m. EDM tank has not, but the scope is equipped with a scale for determining the range to target certain height - 2,7 m ("tank"). For shooting at night and in low light conditions the tank is equipped with an electro-optical infrared monocular periscope sight TPN-1-41-11, having 5,5 × magnification and field of view of 6 °. Sight works due to the backlight illuminator L-2G with the infrared light filter, providing them with the range of vision in the night 750-800 meters. For firing from covered positions T 62, Like other Soviet tanks, equipped with lateral level and azimuth indicator.
Guidance paired installation in a vertical plane is made by means of an electro-hydraulic, and in the horizontal - an electromechanical actuator. Maximal pointing angles in the vertical plane ranging from -6 ° to + 16 °. fire is controlled by turning the control knobs on the remote gunner when the button is pressed for a particular angle, determines the speed pickup, Being able to smoothly vary from 0.07 ° to 4.5 ° per second for vertical and from 0.07 ° to 16 ° to the horizontal plane. tower complete revolution carried out 22,5 seconds. Releasing the button actuators translated into braking mode to prevent the continuation of the coasting. Commander control system allows him to deploy by pressing a button on the exchange tower angle attack periscope. Installation is equipped with two-plane stabilizer 2E15 "Meteor", provides stabilization accuracy ± 1 th. in the vertical plane and in a horizontal ± 3. Stabilization of sight carried out by means of a rigid connection with his gun and machine-gun installation. The T-62 was set later releases stabilizer "Meteor M" or "Meteor M1", had similar characteristics, but differ in performance electronics with transistors instead of the lamp. Besides, It has a standby manual drive gunner using a screw mechanism.
auxiliary armament
In twin installation with a gun is placed 7.62 mm machine gun. Tanks early release fixes a gun SGMT, from August 1964 year smenonny more perfect FCT. Both have the same gun and ammunition ballistics, so replacement will not require a change in sight. Thus PCT is lighter and more compact, and also has a higher rate of fire - 700-800 rounds per minute against 600 in SHMB, although the rate of two military guns is about the same - 250 rounds per minute. Ammunition coaxial machine gun is 2500 rounds in 10 store-boxes with ribbons on 250 rounds. For shooting from the coaxial machine gun cartridges can be used with an ordinary light mod. 1908 g, heavy arr. 1930 g, with steel core, tracer and armor-piercing incendiary bullets. Last on the course 500 meters punches along the normal 6-mm armor, but the main purpose of the coaxial machine gun still remains a struggle with manpower and unarmored fire weapons.
At the time of adopting the T-62, anti-aircraft guns on Soviet medium tank were eliminated due to their ineffectiveness against the new jets. But with the advent in the 1960s of a new threat in the face of helicopters, armed with anti-tank, from 1969 year at the beginning of the new tanks mounted anti-aircraft machine-gun installation. As a zenith at T-62 using 12.7 mm gun DShKM arr. 1938/46 gg. DShKM has a rate of fire 600 rounds per minute, although the rate of combat due to the relatively small volume of the store is limited 125 rounds per minute. Sighting range of fire reaches DShKM 2 200 m. Machine gun turret placed in the loader at the hatch, and for putting it on target to optical collimating sight K-10T. Ammunition gun is 300 rounds in 6 store-boxes with ribbons on 50 rounds. For shooting from DShKM cartridges can be used with armor-piercing bullet B-30, armor-piercing incendiary B-32 and BC-41 and armor-piercing incendiary tracer BZT. Anti-aircraft machine gun, in addition to its direct purpose, It is often used in the struggle with manpower and unarmored enemy vehicles, and his armor, for bullet B-32 component 14 mm at a distance along the normal 500 m, It allows you to use it to defeat lightly armored targets.
For self-defense crew, the tank is equipped with an AK or AKM with 120 ammunition in 4 box stores, 10 hand grenades F-1 and the signal with a gun 10 ammunition.
View of the location of the driver
monitoring Tools
the tank commander in non-combat conditions leads observation of the terrain, standing in the open hatch. In combat, the commander uses a range of viewing devices, concentrated in a rotary hatch, also called commander's cupola. The main unit commander on the tanks of the early issues is a combination binocular periscope viewing device TKN-2, from August 1964 year smenonny more perfect TKN-3. Day branch of both instruments had an increase of 5 ×, providing a field of view of 10 ° in azimuth; enabled device to monitor at a distance of 3000 meters and was equipped with a coordinate grid for target designation and fire adjustment, and scale rangefinder for determining the range to target certain height - 2,7 m ("tank"). Night same branch devices is an electron-optical infrared night vision device, worked at the expense of target illumination projector OU-3 infrared light filter. TKN-2 increase was 5 × and provide vision range of 300-400 m with a field of view in the horizontal 9 °, TKN-3 is characterized by the use of the internal power supply, reduced to 4,2 × increasing nocturnal branch and the field of view 8 ° horizontally. Overview horizontally due to the rotation of only the commander's cupola, limited sector 281 °, an overview of the feed sector was possible only by turning tower. Besides, along the perimeter of turrets are four additional fixed prismatic periscopes single larger, provides an overview of onboard sectors.
aimer, In addition to its two sights, a fixed prism periscopes TNP-165 one-time increase, located in the roof of the tower to the right of withdrawal of night sight and giving an overview of the frontal sector. Charging for viewing area has a prism periscopes MK-4 single, mounted ahead of it hatch; night vision devices, Unlike other members of the crew, he does not have. The driver in a non-combat conditions conducts surveillance through its sunroof, in battle he has to do two fixed prismatic periscopes single increase, observing one of which is located on the tank sector Exchange, and the other - with the right shift. Both units are equipped with pneumatic liquid purification system of the upper glass. review board sector a driver in combat has. For driving at night, one of the observation devices is replaced by the binocular device TVN-2. Like the other night vision devices on the tank, TVN-2 operates due to illumination from illuminator brand FG-FG-10 or 125 with the infrared filter, providing a driver-mechanic vision range of 50-60 m, and the field of view of 30 ° for a single increase.
Housings daytime viewing devices are manufactured by casting of an aluminum alloy and AL2 have shear grooves and slots, that with the defeat of the armor are not covered by a bullet or shrapnel major cause even chipping the entire head, after which the device can be freely extracted from its mines to replace. The viewing device applied anti-nuclear glass brand K-108, with cerium. Compared with conventional anti-nuclear glass marks significantly slower darkening when exposed to gamma radiation, and also has the ability to self-healing transparent when heated to 200 + ... + 250 ° C or sunlight illumination for a few hours.
View of the stern T-62
Communication and navigation
Linear T-62 early releases for external communication were equipped with radio R-113, and on the production of tanks with 1965 year - P-123. The radio station is located on the left side of the tower, work it carries out a tank commander. P-113 has a working range 20-22,375 MHz, consisting of 96 fixed frequencies, spaced through 25 kHz, and provides a link to the same type of radio station at a distance of not less than 20 km, if there is any foreign interference - 8-12 km, when on the Noise Suppressor - up 10 km. P-123 has a working range 20-51,5 MHz, consisting of 1261 fixed frequency step 25 kHz and provides a link to the same type of radio station at a distance of not less than 20 km in motion, but when on the Noise Suppressor - up 13 km. Both radios provide only communicate over the phone, in simplex or half-duplex mode. Established radio work was carried out on a 4-meter whip antenna, in case of its damage to the P-113 and P-123 were completed emergency antenna, is a piece of insulated wire length, respectively, 2,5 or 3 m. Having the same distance radio communication with the antenna confined to emergency 2,5 km, or 1 km, If both radios worked on the emergency antennas.
For internal communication tank equipped with an integrated radio tank intercom (TPU) all crew members, at stations P-113 - P-120, at P-123 - P-124. Tank intercoms supplied laringophones, on the P-120 amplifier speech was only available in the unit commander, and on the P-124 - and other crew members. Both TPU also provide access to an outside communication via radio to the commander and gunner, and R-124 are also provided to all crew members communicate with a tank commander landing using an additional device. For driving under labored orientation or low visibility, and when using OPVT, a tank mounted gyro polukompas, tanks early issues - HPA-48, from May 1966 year smenonny more perfect HPA-59.
T value of 62K, pomimo R-123, have an additional station P-112, designed for communication networks command the tank troops. The radio station is located on the right side of the tower and served as a radio operator-loader. P-112 has a working range 2,8-4,99 MHz, consisting of 220 fixed frequencies in steps 10 kHz. When working on a four-meter whip antenna in the telephone mode, F-112 provides communication over the phone at a distance of at least 20 km hodu or 25 km in the parking lot, and in the absence of extraneous noise - and a 40-50 km. In mode telegraph communication range reaches 50 km, and when working on poluteleskopicheskuyu 10-meter antenna - 100-110 km, either before 200 km in the absence of extraneous noise. Besides, T value of 62K tank equipped complex navigation apparatus TNA-2, designed to coordinate action of tank forces, and gasoline charge unit AB-1-P / 30-U power 1 kW, established the right of the driver's seat.
Engine and transmission
The T-62 was mounted V-shaped 12-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with liquid cooling, model B-55B. With a working volume of 38 880 cm³, the engine develops maximum power 580 l. from. (427 kW) at 2000 r / min and maximum torque 230 CGM (2254 nm) at 1200-1400 rev / min. The engine runs on diesel fuel for the brands, DZ and DA, specific fuel consumption is 174 g / l. s. · h. The warranty period of operation of the engine at the beginning of the 1960s was 350 hours. The engine is placed in the engine-transmission compartment transversely, on welded to the bottom of the enclosure frame and is equipped with the nozzle heater. engine cooling system comprises a radiator-type trubchatolentochnogo, Placed above the gearbox and a single fan, razmeschёnnыy in the aft hull. Cleaning the air in the engine intake system is carried out using a two-stage air cleaner VTI-4 with the ejection system of removing dust from the dust container.
Fuel tank system includes four internal fuel tank total capacity 675 liters: bow tank capacity 280 liters, located in the front end of the right side of the body, two tank-rack placed him - left and right, capacity, respectively, 125 and 145 liters, and the average tank capacity 127 liters, Housed on the right side of the crew compartment at the walls of the engine compartment. Three external fuel tanks, capacity 95 liters each, located on the right shelf nadgusenichnoy. All fuel tanks - Welded, from stamped sheet steel and coated with a varnish bakelite: internal - inside and outside, exterior - inside only. Besides, aft tank two standard fuel drums can be mounted using special brackets on capacity 200 liters. By fuel system is not connected and of which the fuel is poured into the tank tanks parked with the help of standard filling means. Installed drums do not limit the mobility of the tank and do not obstruct access to the engine compartment for maintenance, although limit angle of declination gun aft to + 4 °.
Chassis
Chassis T-62, except bobs slightly different arrangement in connection with the changed load distribution on them, identical suspension T-54/55 and includes on each side five doubles rubber molded diameter rollers 810 mm, idler and drive wheel; no support rollers. Suspension of rollers - individual, torsionnaya, the first and last rollers are provided with a vane-type hydraulic shock absorbers. The suspension has stiffness in 522 kg / cm, oscillation period 0,86 with the full course of the rink 224 mm and a specific potential energy 430 mm.
Initially, the T-62 used tracks from T-54/55 with a metal hinge, and later - the more advanced caterpillars with rubber mount. Both tracks have cogging, width 580 mm i step lane 137 mm, but it consisted of a metal track 96 trucks and had a mass 1386 kg, and a caterpillar with rubber mount - from 97 tracks when Massa 1655 kg.
combat application
– "Operation Danube" - used Soviet Army.
– Sino-Soviet border conflict - used Frontier troops of the USSR in the amount of three units. One of the three tanks were destroyed by fire from an RPG-7. It is also used as part of the 2nd Battalion Verkhneudinsky motorized infantry regiment when cleaning the island from the Chinese armed forces.
– Afghan war (1979—1989) - used as part of the 24th gv.tp 5 gv.msd, 285-th and 234 th Tank Regiment 108 msd, 62-and OTB 103 gv.vdd, and as part of 650th, 781-th and 783rd separate reconnaissance battalion of the Soviet Army
– The first Chechen war - have been used by Chechen militias, Dudaev regime opposition and internal troops of the Russian Federation Ministry of Internal Affairs. All from the Russian Army has been received 10 T-62. Also as broneploschadok in heavy armored trains of the Russian Army.
– The second Chechen war - were used as part of the 160th Guards Tank Regiment of the Siberian Military District of the Russian Federation and the 42th Guards Motor Rifle Division.
– War of Dagestan - used 93rd mechanized regiment of internal troops of the Russian Federation.
– The Yom Kippur War - used Egyptian and Syrian forces.
– War of Ogaden (1977—1978) - applied the Cuban Tank Brigade
– Libyan-Egyptian War - were used by the Libyan and Egyptian troops.
– The civil war in Angola - Cuban troops were used as part of the 50th Armored Division.
– Chadian-Libyan conflict - used by Libyan troops.
– Lebanon war (1982) - used as a part of the Syrian troops.
– Iran-Iraq war - were used by Iraqi forces.
– The invasion of Kuwait - were used by Iraqi forces.
– The Gulf War - were used by Iraqi forces. Had limited involvement in the fighting and the loss amounted to, probably, about 250 machines, ie. about a fifth of the 1200 available at arms.
– Iraq war - were used by Iraqi forces.
– The civil war in Libya
– Syrian Civil War
– The civil war in Yemen
T-62 at the position in the Afghan mountains, OKSVA, 1984-85 gg.
Soviet and post-Soviet space
The first use of the T-62 in combat took place in the Soviet-Chinese Sino-Soviet border conflict in March 1969 of the year. The use of tanks in the conflict was an accident; during the conflict, 15 Martha, command post for pohranychnykov, leading battles with Chinese forces, mistakenly approached by a group of nine T-62. It was decided to use tanks to support the Border Guards, experiencing a shortage of heavy weapons. Three T-62 moved across the ice to the Chinese troops occupied the island in the Sino-Soviet attempt to get around the island and cut it from the approach by the Chinese reserve boundaries, but the Chinese were prepared for such an event and opened heavy fire from an RPG-2, with the result that the head tank was hit, and the other two moved to the Soviet shore; the crew of the destroyed tank was destroyed small arms while trying to leave the car. By the evening of the same day, after a massive artillery barrage, Chinese troops were driven from Damansky, but as it turned out, by the time the Chinese had scouts explore the tank and remove from it a number of devices, including stabilizer arms, considered the most secret of the fact, that was set at T-62. Tank was decided to destroy, but only managed to drown him, breaking the ice mortar fire. In the end of April 1969 of the year, after the end of hostilities, Chinese managed to lift the tank from the bottom of the river and look more closely, after which it was installed in the PLA Museum in Beijing.
T-62 tanks used in the war in Afghanistan. During operation in mountain conditions T-62 showed themselves reliable, spent machine with a sufficiently high combat qualities and characteristics - provided technically correct operation, which was not observed in Afghanistan (only in 1986 year because of violations of rules of operation would collapse 4038 T-62, of which 198 demanded the overhaul and 12 They were written off). During the war in tanks T-62 was reinforced bottom and an optional reservation booking a tower; to protect the undercarriage on the sides of the tank rubber screens were introduced; for the protection of the driver at undermining struts were installed between the bottom and the housing roof. In the same time, it was found, that the power of the engine of T-62 is inadequate (This circumstance is particularly evident after the installation of additional tanks booking). In May 1984 Tank Company T-62 scoured the area in Helmand province. For three days the whole area was cleared of the Mujahideen and was captured a significant amount of weapons and ammunition. Loss of T-62 and the crews did not suffer, although it has been done on the tanks around 40 fired antitank grenade launchers.
All the war, according to official data, the loss of all types of tanks are not exceeded 150 units. Most of the tanks broke down for technical reasons. The deputy commander of the 40th Army of weapons in. FROM. Korolev and Western researcher. Deposits occur on the numbers 385 or even 1340 T-62. In this case both the source confused with each other in the tank causes loss. At Korolev 1340 tanks incapacitated by battle damage, Pledges and at all 385 tanks lost by battle damage. At the same time, Pledges 1340 tanks written off, mostly from non-combat injuries, and in Korolёva written off Total 385 tanks. In any case, both estimates, based on obscure data (assessment of the deputy commander of the 40th Army armament based on the materials from his personal archive), significantly higher than the official data on the losses of Soviet tanks.
During the first Chechen campaign known case of destruction of Dudayev installation ATGM tank T-62 from a distance 5600 m. T-62, Russia sent, used anti-Dudayev opposition; known case of a tank battle between the opposition of T-62 and T-72 supporters of Dudayev, in which a T-62 was shot down. It played an important role in the assault on the village of Komsomolsk. During the fight, a company of T-62 destroyed a large number of militants. In total, during the storming of the three T-62 tank was hit, from which a single tank is not out of order. Among the dead tank was also not (although given the circumstances of the death of one tank driver in a padded T-62). Used by the Russian army during the storming of Grozny 1999 year.
Russian army used T-62 during the war in South Ossetia 2008 of the year. According to independent Russian experts (Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies), a Russian T-62 was destroyed by enemy fire.
Finally 2012 years in the Russian army still remained more than nine T-62 tanks, they transferred to JSC "Spetsremont", part of the holding "Oboronservis" for disposal, which was to begin in 2013 year.
OSCE Mission in February 2015 year have been fixed tanks T-62 in a zone of armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, Ukrainian troops used.
Soviet tanks T-62, carried out an operation in Afghanistan. 1984 year
Near East
T-62 with varying degrees of success used in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
AT 1976 , the T-62 tanks were a part of the Syrian peacekeeping force in Lebanon. known case, when Palestinian militants ambush arranged by the Syrians for a few days lost the battle 30 T-62. T-62 tanks took part in the war in Afghanistan 2001 of the year. The first phase of the fighting was to attack on the Taliban hundreds of tanks T-62 and T-55 Northern Alliance. Upon completion of the onset of the Alliance of the Taliban was only the city of Kandahar. In the future, the main role in the fight against the Taliban lay down on NATO countries.
Yom Kippur War
AT 1971 , the Soviet Union supplied Egypt the first T-62, In the same year, the US put Israel first M60A1. Initially, the Arabs delivered without tanks advanced 115-mm feathered armor-piercing projectiles. This deficiency notice Egyptian tankers, after which they were sent (shells of this type is significantly superior to all usable armor penetration and Western Soviet tanks). Egypt mobilized during the war 188 T-62 (15-I and 25 th Brigade). Syria is enabled by Western sources about 500 T-62 (47-I, 91-I, 20-I, 65-I Brigade of the Republican Guard). According to Kostenko Syria had 300 T-62. For the assault Bar-Lev Line Egypt averted 1020 tanks, including 188 the latest T-62, Israel in Sinai had 1088 tanks, including 150 the newest M60A1.
15-I Independent Armored Brigade under Col. Tahseen Shanena in conjunction with the 18th Infantry Division begins attack on Kantar and takes defenses along the axis of Kantara – El-Arish. Kantara is an important transport hub and the Israelis on its territory was the cargo fleet and warehouses with arms and ammunition. For its defense Israelis diverted 401 Panzer brigade (M48 tanks) and the 9th Battalion of the 14th Armored Brigade (M48 tanks). 6 October when an offensive T-62 15th Brigade supported by fire from the west coast of the Egyptian infantry, crossing the channel. 401-I am an Israeli team was ambushed Egyptian infantry and was defeated. T-62 played a minor role. By the end of the day the Egyptians washed away the berm and the tanks of the 15th Brigade began speeding. By the morning 7 October 15 th Brigade was on the east bank. By this time to the aid of Israel came Qantarah 198th Battalion 460th Armored Brigade (tanks "Centurion"). The Israelis claimed that a large distance destroyed several T-62. After that 198 Battalion carrying all the heavy losses began to depart to the city, where c 9th battalion took defenses. All day 7 October went assault on the city and the night Kantara was taken. 198-Battalion lost in battle 37 tanks "Centurion" from 44, 9-Battalion lost 32 M48 tank from 34. The Egyptians seized as booty and weapons fleet and warehouses. 15-Brigade lost only a few tanks. 8 October, two companies of the T-62 15th Brigade repulsed the attack "Centurion" Battalion, 217th Brigade, both sides lost several tanks. 10 October Israel tried one last attempt to seize Kantara. T-62 infantry repulsed the attack again, killing 13 tanks and 9 armored personnel carriers. A small number of T-62 15th Brigade, participated in the attack 14 October. The Israelis have declared that “destroyed more than half of the brigade”, although there is so much and was not involved.
25-I Independent Armored Brigade, commanded by Colonel Ahmad Badawi in conjunction with the 7th Infantry Division begins attack towards Shalufa – Juday pass. 11 October 25th Brigade forcing Suez Canal. 17 October 1973 , the 25th Brigade, participated in an unsuccessful attempt to eliminate the threat to Israel's right wing of the 2nd Army on the east bank of the Suez Canal, I fell into the trap of an organized Israeli tanks and ATGM 14th, 600-th and 217 th Israeli brigades. The brigade was attacked from four sides and suffered significant losses - according to Egyptian data, about ⅓ of 94 T-62 and 40 BTR, on Israeli - most of the team (including 86 of 96 T-62). As noted by the chief of Staff of the Egyptian Al-Shazli: "Our crews fought desperately, against all odds. But when night fell, few survivors returned to the bridgehead of the Third Army ". loss of the Israelites, by Israeli data, in this battle reached 4 tank - according to various sources, all while blowing on his same minefield during the persecution, or when two blasting in a mine field, and one of T-62 (presumably) and ATGM "Baby"(According to the Egyptian, the first company of tanks was destroyed by the collision). The Israelis did not occupy the territory after the battle. Therefore, the loss of the difference can be explained by the common and irrevocable loss. After the battle, the defeated 25th Brigade moved to the reference point Kibrit East. 22 October Israel, backed by tanks stormed the stronghold, Egyptians were able to repel the attacks.
T-62 has also been applied to the Syrian front. 6 Oct. main attack 540 Syrian tanks, including 62 T-47 Brigade. they opposed 180 Israeli "Centurion" tanks. On the night of the 6th to the end of October 7, the Israelites arrived reinforcements numbering about 250 tanks. It made the morning of the 7th into battle Syrian 1st Armored Division (230 tanks), a part of which was the 91st Brigade, armed with T-62. morning 7 October, when 1st Panzer Division was advancing on Syria bridges across the Jordan River, 91-I was attacked by a brigade from the flank company of the reserve 679 Brigade, armed with tanks "Centurion". The battle was lost about 35 T-62 and 3 "Centurion". 8-October Syrians entered into battle third armored division (230 tanks), which were part of the 20 th and 65 th Brigade, armed with T-62. On the morning of October 9,, due to arriving reserves the Israelites were able to stop the Syrian advance, with the 7 th and 188 th Brigade Israelis were almost completely destroyed. 12 October Syrians supported by T-62 91-th brigade stopped the Israeli offensive. Total 240 Syrian T-62 were disabled or abandoned on the Golan plateau.
T-62 (after modernization – Tiran 6) at the Museum of Israeli armored forces (Latrun)
according to Yu. Kostenko, with the beginning of hostilities 188 T-62 involved Egypt, 97 They were put out. According to Michael Baryatinsky, “after the cessation of hostilities around 200 lined T-62 as the Egyptian, and on the Syrian front they were evacuated by the Israelis, 72 It was repaired and put into operation the tank units of the IDF, under the designation "Tiran-6"”. According to Oleg Granovsky, also 200 T-62 remained on the Israeli-controlled territory. YU. Kostenko also indicates, that part of 807 T-54, T-55 and T-62, lost Egyptians, “I came to the Israelites in good condition”, but it does not result in more detailed data. David Isby and Lon Nordeem mention only the former Syrian T-62.
During the fighting, it was found out that the basic 105-mm armor-piercing projectiles M-392 long range have trouble breaking through the armor of T-62. After the war, the upgraded missiles M-392A2 were developed urgently with increased armor penetration. During tests of captured Syrian T-62 commander of the Israeli 162nd Armored Division of General Avraham Adan pointed out the superiority of the 115-mm gun on 105-mm gun of Israeli tanks.
Several captured tanks Israel sent to the US, Germany and France. Zapadnogermantsam could be created based on a 115-mm projectile BOPS same to 105 mm cannon (DM-23). On the basis of the German Israelites (M111) and Americans (M-735) We copied the same shells for their tanks.
Padded Iraqi T-62
Iran-Iraq War
T-62 took participation in the Iran-Iraq war. By the beginning of the war in Iraq there 700 T-62 as part of the 6th, 12-and, 16-and, 17-and (partially), 25-and, 30-and, 35-th and 45 th (partially) armored brigades. AT 1982 , Iraq ordered from the USSR More 2150 T-62, of which up to 1989 year were delivered only 1000. Iran 1981 was acquired 65 T-62 in Libya, 100 at 1982 in Syria and 150 North Korea, "Chung-Maho" in 1982. In this way, Iraq during the war has mobilized 1700 T-62, Iran 315 T-62. At the beginning of the war on both sides of the total number of tanks were approximately equal, but the Iraqis was much less modern tanks. Iraq had before the war 1800 tanks, including 100 modern T-72 (they did not participate in the beginning of the war) and 700 T-62, Iran had 2160 tanks, including 875 modern "Chiftenov" and 460 M60.
22 September 1980 , the T-62 tanks of the 6th Armored Division crossed the border near Bustan. A week of fighting Division reached the northern outskirts of Ahvaz. 11 October 6 th Division crossed the river Karun in Darkhoveyna (Eng.), jeopardizing the supply of the Iranian army in the area. 3-Armored Division launched an offensive in the direction of Khorramshahr. Iranian in this area had 92nd division ("Chieftain" and "Scorpions") and the 37th Brigade (M48). As a result of the siege, which lasted 34 day, to the end of October, the city fell. Both sides lost a large number of tanks in this battle, in particular it was defeated 37th Tank Brigade and the Reconnaissance Regiment "Scorpions" 92 th Division. At the beginning 1981 , Iran attempted a powerful counter-offensive in the valley near Kerhe Susangerd, becoming known as "Operation Nasr". Iran is prepared to attack 300 tanks "Chieftain" and M60 from the 16th Armored Division. Iraqi commanders predict enemy intentions and put forward to meet him 300 T-62 tanks of the 9th Armored Division. 6 January Iranian armored brigade out to Iraqi positions. With the move attacking Iraqi, she was in the fire pockets and was attacked from the flanks. Iranians losses amounted to more than a hundred tanks. Remaining 2 Iranian brigade trapped 7-8 in January and were also defeated and retreated. Iran lost 250 killed and captured tanks "Chieftain" and M60 (on Iran's statements 88). Iraq's losses amounted to 50 T-62. After the battle, the Iraqis have organized an exhibition of captured equipment, journalists were able to calculate the Iranian and Iraqi casualties. During the battle, it was found out that the 115-mm feathered armor-piercing shells freely penetrate the frontal armor of multilayer "Chiftenov". Best Iranian helicopter pilot Ali Akbar Shiroudi died in a helicopter AH-1J «Sea Cobra", when it was a shell of the main tools of the Iraqi T-62. spring 1982 , the 6th Armored Division in Iraq, It was virtually destroyed during the Iranian counter-offensive. During the Iraq war, it has lost about 500 T-62, loss of Iranian T-62 unknown.
Burning Syrian T-62 during the battle for Jezzine, 8 June 1982 of the year
Lebanon war
AT 1982 , the Syrian T-62 participated in the reflection of the offensive by the Israeli army during the Lebanon War. On the territory of Lebanon, the Syrians had the T-62 as part of 3 teams: 76-I, 91-I and 51-I. The first collision occurred Israelis and Syrians 8 June during a fight for Dzhezzinruen. On the outskirts of the city, Israeli "Centurion" came under concentrated fire T-62 and anti-tank. The battle lasted until nightfall, Israelis at the cost of considerable losses still managed to dislodge the Syrians from, while losing to 10 "Centurions", Syrians lost from 3 T-62 to 24 tanks - destruction and padded.
On the night 8 on 9 June of the 162nd Division and the Operations Group Vardi Israeli army, bypassing Dzhezin, They surrounded the 76th and 91st Panzer Brigade according to one of the 1 st Division (elsewhere called 10th) south of Lake Qarun. Desperate resistance exerted Syrians. We ended fuel tanks and ammunition. Damascus could save the situation of the Syrian 1st Armored Division, where armed, in one version, We are including T-72 tanks (in another version, T-72 1 Panzer was not). She struck the right wing Israelis north Rashaya, breaking through the encirclement of the Syrian brigades. The Israelis have lost a lot of M60 tanks, Syrian 76 th and 91 th Brigade broke out of the encirclement, with a loss of more 200 T-62, 90 of which the entire cast. After that, both the Syrian Brigade returned to Syria and were rearmed with T-55, as part of the 1st Armored Division continued to move to Zahle. 162-Division continued Israeli offensive on Lake Qarun and reached a settlement Ein Zhalta. There she joined the oncoming tank battle with Syrian T-62. The first shot two Israeli "Centurion" was destroyed, further column suffered even more significant losses. Losing in this fight at least three tanks, Syrians forced Israel to retreat to the village Baruk. In the center of the 162-Panzer Division encountered the stubborn resistance of the 51st Tank Brigade, tanks equipped with a T-62, who took the well-prepared defenses to the west of the Bekaa Valley. In the west, Israeli troops began to Beirut environment and attempted to cut off the city from the highway to Beirut - Damascus. The fighting continued until 11 June, when the armistice was signed.
Shortly before the truce in Jub-Jounin Israeli "Merkava" attacked the T-62 58th Brigade. Having lost two tanks, Israelis shot down dozens of Syrian. In total, during this fight, which lasted until noon and was accompanied by a helicopter strikes on both sides, data on the Syrian, It was destroyed by 21 to 30 Israeli armored units. In its turn, by statements of Israeli helicopter pilot, This battle was struck 15 T-62, with one helicopter MD 500 He was hit by cannon fire T-62 (Harel helicopter downed pilot Halamish).
results
The Lebanon War was the last Arab-Israeli conflict, wherein the bulk tanks were applied. Losses were considerable on both sides. Israel as a result of the war lost padded and captured about 300 tanks, mostly "Patton". Loss of Syrian armored divisions were approximately the same, according to various Israeli figures, they made 226 or 334 tanka, mainly T-62, but a large part of them was cast in good condition.
Egyptian-liviyskaya war
During the Libyan-Egyptian War in July 1977 , the T-62 tanks used by both parties. The largest tank battle happened in the Egyptian village on the border of the Saloum. The village was attacked 9th Libyan tank battalion. Egyptian T-62 from the border troops recaptured the village, defeating the Libyan battalion.
Cuba
At the end 1977 years to help Ethiopia's Ogaden War of the Soviet tank brigade T-62 was delivered as part of 120 machines. Tanks intended for the Cuban expeditionary force and is already 28 December the first ever Cuban battalion of T-62 was ready for combat use. 2 February 1978 , the Cuban Tank Brigade launched an attack on the position of the Somali region Urso - Diredava towards Areva. In the first offensive battle tanks T-62, a breakthrough for Harar, killing at least 15 tanks. For the first two days of the Somali group was almost completely broken down, lost in this area 42 tank and 15 on others. T-62 fired from a distance of more 1500 m, remaining inaccessible to tanks and artillery.
Continuing the offensive in the direction of Jijiga, Ethiopian and Cuban troops encountered fierce resistance on two passages leading to the city in the mountains - Marda and Shebele. 1 and 3 March Somalis made major counterattack infantry forces, tanks and artillery, but in both cases they were repulsed. Important role in this was played by the Cuban Tank Brigade. Early in the morning 4 March began a frontal attack in the direction of Marda - Jijiga main forces, supported Cuban T-62 and several Ethiopian battalion tank T-55. At Marda Pass T-62 from a distance burned all the tanks Somalis company. For fear of minefields and reinforced defense stopped any further advance. In the second attempt to pass the onset of Marda and managed to get to the end 4 March was taken and Jijiga. The attack on the Jijiga cost Cubans six T-62 tanks and eight more were injured. Most tanks were knocked out of the RPG-7 and SPG-9. The fighting continued until 13 Martha, where Somali forces were completely driven out of the occupied territories.
– T-62 - the most powerful weapon in the war. I would say, that it is generally the most useful weapons of land forces. Their role is now even greater, cavalry than our ancestors. Without these tanks we would be stuck here for a few years, in Angola.
- The Cuban officer, He fought in the tank brigade
T-62 with armor shields the tower
Chad-Libyan war
In the course of the Chad-Libyan war T-62 tanks used by Libya. The first known use of the T-62 was at the end 1986 of the year. In late December, a column of Libyan T-62 hit the rebel ambush, but on the T-62 losses unknown. According to statements researcher Michael Bariatinskii was during the war “underbid” 12 Libyan T-62. According to the data of any Chadian Libyan T-62 was destroyed during the war, a 12 tanks were captured. These tanks were captured intact in underground storage in the Wadi Dum.
analogs
The main T-62 analogue abroad is an American M60A1. Both tanks were the most common in the USA and the USSR. In terms of security benefits was not one tank.
In terms of firepower possessed considerable advantages of T-62, primarily due OBPS. A disadvantage of T-62 yavlalas low rate. The reason for this is the mechanism of release of spent cartridges, which improves the working conditions of the crew, but slightly prolonged the time of loading.
T-62 had a plane stabilizer, providing effective fire immediately, on the M60A1 began with the installation of stabilizers 1971 of the year.
Common drawback is the mechanical link between the gunner's sight with an instrument for M60A1 and T-62, which made it difficult to fire immediately due to loss of the gunner goals of the review when loading gun.
Relative probability of destruction in the most probable ranges of application in Europe to 1 km, in case of contact, tank T-62 tank in the application M60A1 is OBPS 71 %, when applying BCS - 75 %. M60A1 tank to the likelihood of 54 % and 75 % respectively. OBPS and BCS guns had superiority over booking - hit with a high probability of killing the tank means. Accuracy 105mm gun down 15 %, than 115 mm at a distance of up to 1500 m.
Some advantages M60A1 can give you some great angles reduce gun, components -9 -6 degrees against the T-62. Wherein, given the smaller silhouette of the T-62, the visible projection of the tower when firing on the reverse slopes commensurate. Silhouette Low T-62, in the absence of laser rangefinders, It gives him a significant advantage in survival on the battlefield.
Afghan T-62M in Kabul, April 2004
Performance characteristics of the T-62
Crew, pers.: 4
developer: plant №183
years of production: 1961-1975 in the USSR, 1973-1978 in Czechoslovakia, 1980-1989 North Korea
years of operation: from 1961
The number of issued, PC.: about 20 000
The layout: classical
Weight T-62
– 37 tonnes
The dimensions of the T-62
– body Length, mm: 6630
– Length with gun forward, mm: 9335
– housing width, mm: 3300
– Height, mm: 2395
– base, mm: 4230
– Track, mm: 2640
– Clearance, mm: 430
Bumper T-62
– Type broni: rolled steel and cast homogeneous
– housing forehead (top), mm / city.: 102 / 60°
– housing forehead (through), mm / city.: 100 / 55°
– body board, mm / city.: 80 / 0°
– body board (top), mm / city.: 45 / 60°
– body board (through), mm / city.: 20 / 45°
– housing feed (top), mm / city.: 45 / 2°
– housing feed (through), mm / city.: 20 / 70°
– Bottom, mm: 20
– corps roof, mm: 16..30
– tower forehead, mm / city.: 220 / 17° (242 since 1972.)
– board towers, mm / city.: 165
– tower feed, mm / city.: 65
– tower roof, mm: 30..58
– dynamic protection: T-62MV with 1985 g.
Arming T-62
– Caliber guns and stamp: 115-mm 2A20
– gun type: smoothbore gun
– barrel length, calibres: 53
– gun ammunition: 40 (42 T-62M)
– firing range, km: 0,02..5,8
– sights: Telescopic TSH2B-41, periscope optoelectronic night TPN-1-41-11
– Shotgun: 1 × 7,62-mm SGMT, from 1964 g. FCT, 1 × 12,7-mm with DShKM 1972 g.
Engine T-62
– engine's type: B-55B
– Engine power, l. from.: 580 (690HP. In-46-5m – T 62M1-1 (T-62D-1)(T 62M1-2-1))
The rate of T-62
– Road speed, kmh: 50
– Speed over rough terrain, kmh: 22..27
– Cruising on the highway, km: 450..650
– Cruising cross country, km: 320..450
– power density, l. p. / m: 15,7 (16,4)
– suspension type: individual torsion
– Unit ground pressure, kg / cm²: 0,75
– Gradeability, city.: 32
– to overcome the wall, m: 0,8
– trench, m: 2,85
– fording, m: 1,4 (to 5 with OPVT)
Photo T-62
