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2021, Research Handbook on the Belt and Road Initiative
The Chinese president, Xi Jinping, delivered a speech at the Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan, where he outlined China's ambition to build 'a Silk Road Economic Belt with innovative cooperation mode and to make it a grand cause benefiting people in regional countries along the route' (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, 2013). Several weeks later, during his maiden trip to Southeast Asia as President of China, Xi proposed in a speech at the Indonesian Parliament a 'new Maritime Silk Road' that would 'make good use of the China-ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] Maritime Cooperation Fund set up by the Chinese government' towards the ends of cementing the 'shared destiny between China and the member states of ASEAN' (China Daily, 2013). With these two grand statements, the 'One Belt One Road Initiative' (later renamed 'Belt and Road Initiative') came into being.
Asian Journal of Political Science
The Belt and Road initiative: what will china offer the world in its rise2019 •
2019 •
In the early 2010s, the growing economic and political weight of China and its foreign policy ambitions led to the development of a qualitatively new foreign economic policy strategy. In 2013, China’s President Xi Jinping proposed a modern equivalent of the ancient Silk Roads – the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In practical terms, China aims to promote economic growth in potential markets and improve connectivity with them. Among other things, the initiative called for the building of a network of railways, roads, pipelines and other infrastructure that would link China to Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia, Europe and Africa. In 2015, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) authorized the BRI action plan with two main components: the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. According to the plan, the BRI is a systemic project that must be built jointly through consultation to meet the interests of all concerned states, with efforts being...
Chinese President Xi Jinping raised the initiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road in 2013 (hereinafter referred to as the Belt and Road). The paper aims to analyze the background and the significance of China's " Belt and Road Initiative ". And it finds out that the " Belt and Road Initiative " has profound international and domestic background and it has strategic significance to China's geopolitical and economic security, energy security, RMB internationalization, economic transformation and upgrading, etc.
„One belt, one road‟ is a development strategy initiated and planned by the Chinese government in 2013 to enhance regional connectivity and to integrate the Silk Road Spirit – "peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit" of the countries along the Belt and Road. It refers to the New Silk Road Economic Belt, which will link China with Europe through Central and Western Asia, and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which will connect China with Southeast Asian countries, Africa and Europe. The initiative also aims to promote flow of economic factors, efficient allocation of resources and regional integration of markets by enhancing connectivity within Asian, European and African continents along with consideration of their adjacent sea areas. China hope annual trade with the countries involved in the "One Belt, One Road" initiative would surpass $2.5 trillion in a decade. The study explores how China wants to further integrate itself into the world economy and strengthen its influence in these regions through establishing "One belt, one road" strategy. It also examines the viability and implications of regional integration for Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which regarded as "closely related to the Belt and Road Initiative". Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) can play a vital role within the framework of this initiative. Considering the existing Chinese Government Policies to support “One Belt One Road”, the paper also try to analyze the connectivity and regional integration issue under the flagship of New Silk Roads.
In this paper I look at the broad perspectives on China;s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative that is set to dominate its economic and political relations viz.a.viz others states and how it is being used by China to propel itself to a path towards global hegemony along with the geopolitical, geo-strategic aspects of the initiative. Although it has been stated as an initiative by the Chinese, it informs all vital elements of its strategic interests. I also look at its implications for India and some points of contention that New Delhi needs to realize if it wishes to continue its own ambitious policy goals.
The Belt and Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative2019 •
The Chinese government began the enormous Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 with the goal of establishing a network of ports, highways, and other infrastructure to link Asia, Europe, and Africa. This essay gives a general summary of the BRI, outlining its objectives, difficulties, and prospective effects on world trade and economic growth. The writers explore the BRI's different elements, such as the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and assess its possible advantages and disadvantages. The BRI's effects on the global power structure are also discussed, as are the initiative's possible obstacles like political and economic concerns.
One Belt & One Road: Between Cooperation and Geopolitics in the Silk Road
One Belt & One Road: Between Cooperation and Geopolitics in the Silk Road2015 •
This paper describes the project "One Belt & One Road" launched by the President Xi Jinping at 2013. This initiative consists on rebuilding the old Silk Road along Eurasia and build a Maritime Silk Road to connect China with Europe through the seas. Cooperation, openness, investment, integration on different levels are some of the characteristics of this initiative. How to obtain the funds necessary? It is an important issue on every project. Despite criticism, the proposal looks attractive and already has allies. Also, what are the geopolitical implications? There is a debate around One Belt & One Road and if China is trying to obtain more leadership and rebalance the power in the region. This initiative has become a pillar of PRC's Foreign Policy. It will certainly lead to changes in international chess; even some actors already started to move. Finally, there is a general conclusion about China's internal and external benefits, some risks, and challenges.
ASEAN/Asian Academic Society International Conference Proceeding Series
The “Belt And Road Initiative”: A Replacement For "One Belt One Road" With Same Prospective For Asean2018 •
SHS Web of Conferences
China’s economic interests in the “One Belt, One Road” initiative2002 •
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arXiv (Cornell University)
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2016 •