T-90 vs. Abrams
General information
Tanks T-90 and M1A1 Abrams are typical representatives of Soviet and Western tank building schools, which contain various design and technological ideas. The T-90, a deep modernization of the reliable and well-established T-72, was created after the collapse of the USSR and incorporated all the best that was laid down in Soviet tanks. As the main gun on the tank, a modernized version of the 125 mm smoothbore gun 2A46M4 was installed. Reservation of the tank increased almost 3 times in comparison with the first modifications of the T-72 and includes both powerful passive armor, with special reservation of the "semi-active" type, and built-in "active" dynamic protection, which made it possible to ensure a high level of reservation, without going beyond weight restrictions due to indicators of strategic mobility.
An economical and reliable diesel engine B92C2 is installed in the tank as a power plant. With the transition to the production of a new type of welded tower, the possibilities for enhancing reservations have increased even more. For the layout of the T-90 is characterized by high density, characteristic of the Russian school of tank design. This has both advantages and disadvantages. Dense layout allows you to create a highly protected machine with a low silhouette and a small area of longitudinal and cross-section with a relatively low mass. Accordingly, a smaller internal volume (for the T-90 11,8 m3 and 13 for the T-90C) requires a smaller booking weight. The disadvantage of a dense layout is the constraint of the crew members, it is difficult to replace the crew members with each other if necessary.
Tank МХNUMX "Abrams" was created first of all not as a breakthrough tank, but as an anti-tank vehicle whose task was to stop, or at least hold back waves of Soviet tanks rushing to the English Channel. Creation of the tank was carried out in close cooperation with German tank builders, but with American characteristics. As the main gun on the tank, starting with the modification М1А1 installed 1 mm gun M-120, which is a slightly modified version of the German gun Rh-256. Reservations of the first modifications of the tank include the multi-layer composite armor "Chobham" created in the UK. In later versions, armor was applied using uranokramika of the first and second generations.
The layout of the МХNUMX tank “Abrams” is typical for the western approach to tank building, as a result of which the reserved volume of the tank was 1 М19.7, which is almost 3 times the figure for T-2.
The gas turbine engine AGT-1500 installed in one is installed as a power plant of the tank.
block with automatic hydromechanical transmission.
The disadvantage of M1 is the limited ability of the commander to independently search for a target, the slight increase and the lack of stabilization of the field of view of the M919 sight do not allow to confidently detect and identify targets when the tank is moving.
This deficiency was eliminated only on the M1A2 modification. On the M1X2, the commander's panoramic thermal imaging device is installed, the T-90 tanks, like their predecessors, also possess such a panoramic device for searching for targets and pointing the weapon, however, without a thermal imaging channel.
Firepower and ammunition
M1A1 / M1A2
The main armament of the M1А1 / М1А2 is the МХNUMX 120-mm smoothbore gun. Starting speed when using the M256A829 2 shot m / s.
The rate of fire is up to 8 shots per minute.
To date, the main anti-tank armament МХNUMXА1 "Abrams" are armor-piercing sabot shells М1А829 and М1А829. Also began the production and delivery to the troops of the new projectile M2А829, which represents a serious danger to the T-3 tank. Developments are underway to create a guided projectile TERM, however, they are still far from completion.
T-90
The main armament of the T-90 is the 125-mm upgraded smoothbore gun-launcher. 2A46M-2 (4)
Initial speed when using a shot 3BM-44М 1750 m / s.
Rate of Fire - 6-8 shots per minute
The main anti-tank equipment is T-90. М3А42 is provided only in the weakened zones, which are up to 3% frontal projection. Modeling the oncoming battle tank companies (tanks T-42 9 119 M9A119 against tanks) showed that starting firing range TOUR with 1 m, T-1 1 to manage the range - 5000 m hit to 1 - 2% of enemy tanks. Naturally, this is only possible if the terrain allows it.
In addition, the development of perceptual complexes that implement the principle of "shot and forget" and the defeat of the tank is not in a powerful frontal armor, but in thin sections of the roof of the tower and hull.
In terms of the development and introduction of new armor-piercing sub-caliber shells into the troops, there has been a lag in the last decade. The answer to the emergence of new threats was not given, so the defeat of the tank M1X2 at all distances from the first hit is not guaranteed. The industry is delaying the delivery to the troops of already developed ammunition, and the financing of work on new samples is disrupted.
Reservation
M1A1NA
Equivalent resistance to kinetic ammunition: 530-550 mm.
Equivalent resistance against cumulative ammunition: 750-800 mm.
M1A2 (1994)
Equivalent resistance against kinetic ammunition: 770 mm.
Equivalent resistance against cumulative ammunition: 1000-1200 mm.
The tower of the М1А1 tank consists of outer and inner steel armor plates connected by transverse stiffening ribs, between which special armoring packages of metallic and non-metallic materials are laid.
Due to the high density (density of uranium 19.03 g / cm3), these plates with extremely small thickness provide the “explosive” nature of the destruction of the elements of a cumulative jet.
T-90
Equivalent resistance against kinetic ammunition: mm 800-830 with Contact-5 protection
Equivalent resistance against cumulative ammunition: 1,150-1,350 mm with Contact-5 protection
Equivalent durability against cumulative ammunition is indicated for first generation monoblock combat units.
Reservations turret T-90 refers to the "semi-active" type. In front of the tower there are two cavities located at an angle of 55 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the gun, in which special-reservation packages of the “semi-active” type are placed. The structure of armor with reflective sheets is a barrier consisting of 3-x layers: plates, gaskets and a thin plate. The effect of using “reflective” sheets can reach 40% in comparison with monolithic armor of the same mass. In addition, the tank also used the built-in dynamic protection system Kontakt-5. This type of remote sensing works against both cumulative means (CS) and against armor-piercing projectiles (BPS). The complex provides a powerful side impulse that allows to destabilize or destroy the BPS core before it starts interacting with the main reservation.
For the first time, the T-90 T-1-7 complex of optical-electronic countermeasures of the TSHU-1-1 was installed on a serial basis "Blind-XNUMX" is designed to protect the tank from damage controlled weapons with command semi-automatic guidance systems such as Tow, Hot, Milan, Dragon, laser homing heads such as Maverick, Hellfire, Copper-head, as well as artillery systems with laser rangefinders.
Vulnerable areas
М1 "Abrams"
An unacceptably large gap between body and tower armor. The gap is so large that you can get under the tower of “Abrams” and at a great distance, for this you can aim at the upper front sheet located at a very large angle - if there is a rebound, then certainly under the tower. In this case, neither high booking of frontal hull details nor thick armor of the tower will help. A weak reservation of the sides in the vicinity of the engine-transmission and combat compartment makes the tank vulnerable to small-caliber artillery fire, for example, the distance of a confident defeat when using the Kerner projectile at an angle from 38 to 90 will be up to 2000 meters (500 m for BT projectile).
T-90
Vulnerable zones in the t-90 booking are areas on both sides of the gun that are not covered by the built-in dynamic protection and do not have special booking (in the place where the machine gun is paired with the gun). The weakened zone is also available on the upper front part of the body in the area of the driver's viewing device. This is a design feature of all domestic tanks, starting with the T-64.
Information